Venus

General Description
Venus is the second and hottest planet in the Solar System. While the planet is just barely within the habitable zone, Venus is the most inhospitable place in the whole system. Its temperature can reach a scalding 733 K(460°C), hot enough to melt lead. Unlike Mercury, Venus' temperature is constant due to its runaway greenhouse effect which has placed 93 atmospheres of carbon dioxide in its toxic cloud layers, which rains sulfuric acid on to the extremely dry surface. If a human were to stand on Venus without a protecting suit, they would be instantly suffocated, poisoned, burned and crushed all at the same time.

Atmosphere
Venus has a thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide and it’s perpetually shrouded in thick, yellowish clouds of mostly sulfuric acid that trap heat, causing a runaway greenhouse effect. Venus has crushing air pressure at its surface – more than 90 times that of Earth – similar to the pressure you'd encounter over a kilometer below the ocean on Earth. Its atmosphere is mainly filled with Carbon dioxide(96%), and Nitrogen(3.5%), with trace amounts of Argon, Oxygen and Neon. The atmosphere has many layers with different temperatures. As Venus moves forward in its orbit while slowly rotating backwards on its axis, the top level of clouds zips around the planet every four Earth days, driven by hurricane-force winds traveling at about 360 kilometers per hour. Atmospheric lightning bursts light up these quick-moving clouds.

Temperature
The thick atmosphere traps the Sun's heat, resulting in surface temperatures higher than 743 K(470°C). At the level where the clouds are, about 30 miles up from the surface, it's about the same temperature as on the surface of the Earth.

Orbit
Venus makes a complete orbit around the Sun in 225 Earth days or slightly less than two Venusian day-night cycles. Its orbit around the Sun is the most circular of any planet nearly a perfect circle. Other planet's orbits are more elliptical, or oval-shaped. It is about 0.7 AU from the Sun.

Rotation
Venus is the slowest rotating body in the solar system with one venusian year is shorter than 1 venusian day. one day-night cycle takes 243 Earth days because Venus rotates in the direction opposite of its orbital revolution around the Sun. No outposts and colonies can exist on venus that use solar panels as their main source of power since the night lasts for over a month.

Surface & Geography
From space, Venus is bright white because it is covered with clouds that reflect and scatter sunlight. At the surface, the rocks are different shades of grey, like rocks on Earth, but the thick atmosphere filters the sunlight so that everything would look orange if you were standing on Venus.

Venus has mountains, valleys, and tens of thousands of volcanoes. Venus is covered in craters, but none are smaller than 1.5 to 2 kilometers across. Small meteoroids burn up in the dense atmosphere, so only large meteoroids reach the surface and create impact craters.